The Animal Germplasm and Breeding Research Laboratory is aimed to genetic improvement of agricultural animals as the overall goal, in response to the development trend of scientific research on animal germplasm and breeding, the major scientific and technological problems and the demand in the development of China’s breeding industry. The laboratory aims at the frontier of the discipline, focusing on the conservation of livestock and poultry germplasm resources, the basic application of livestock and poultry genetic breeding and breeding technology, carrying out in-depth conservation and biological evaluation of livestock and poultry germplasm resources, systematically studying the genetic laws and formation mechanisms of major economic traits of livestock and poultry, developing new technologies of livestock and poultry genetic improvement and breeding and breeding new livestock and poultry strains (species). Since the establishment of the Institute, it has compiled the first Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breed Journal, built the world’s largest livestock and poultry genetic resources cell bank, and bred new livestock and poultry breeds (lines), such as Chinese lean pigs, Chinese Holstein cattle (black and white), lean Beijing ducks, new strains of yellow-finned broiler chickens and new breeds of Chinese Simmental cattle, etc. It enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad in the fields of livestock and poultry genetic breeding application foundation and breeding technology. The main research directions are conservation and utilization of livestock and poultry germplasm resources, functional gene mining of special livestock and poultry germplasm resources, origin and evolution of livestock and poultry genetic resources, genetic improvement of livestock and poultry (pigs, chickens, cattle, sheep, etc.), innovation of breeding principles and methods, innovative techniques of molecular breeding, rapid breeding expansion techniques, breeding of new livestock and poultry breeds, etc.